What is a Magnetic Field?

magnetic field (B) is a vector field describing the magnetic force on charged particles or magnetic materials. Its SI unit is the Tesla (T) (1 T = 10⁴ Gauss). Magnetic fields are produced by electric currents or changing electric fields.

What is Magnetic Flux?

Magnetic flux (Φ) is the total magnetic field passing through a given area: Φ = B · A · cosθ, where θ is the angle between B and the surface normal. The SI unit is the Weber (Wb).

What is Permeability?
Permeability (μ) describes how easily a material supports a magnetic field. The permeability of free space is μ₀ = 4π × 10⁻⁷ H/m. Relative permeability μᵣ = μ/μ₀ — the higher μᵣ, the more easily a material is magnetized.

What is Magnetic Reluctance?

Reluctance (ℛ) is the opposition to magnetic flux in a magnetic circuit, analogous to resistance in an electric circuit. Formula: ℛ = l / (μ · A), where l is the path length and A is the cross-sectional area. Unit: H⁻¹ (A/Wb).

What is Magnetomotive Force (MMF)?

MMF is the driving force for magnetic flux, analogous to EMF in an electric circuit. For a coil: MMF = N · I (turns × current). Unit: ampere-turns (A·t).